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Chlorinated paraffin waxes; Chlorinated hydrocarbon waxes; Chlorinated wax;
Chloroflo; Chloroparaffine; Chlorowax; Clorafin; Crechlor; Creclor; Other
RN: 8029-39-8, 11098-33-2, 37187-40-9, 39279-65-7, 39406-09-2, 39444-36-5,
50646-90-7, 51990-12-6, 52276-52-5, 52555-47-2, 52622-66-9,
52677-73-3, 52677-74-4, 52677-75-5, 53028-60-7, 53028-59-4, 53200-35-4,
54577-71-8, 55353-50-9, 56509-64-9, 56730-95-1, 58516-52-2, 60202-64-4,
66746-35-8, 108688-63-7 |
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http://monographs.iarc.fr/
Chlorinated
paraffins are used as secondary plasticizers for polyvinyl chIo
ride (PVC) in applications such as electrical cables when the inherent
low inammability of PVC would be impaired by primaiy plasticizers
(e.g., dioctyl phthalate). Chloriated paraffins are used on a large
scle as extreme-pressure additives in metal-machining fluids, e.g.,
in the automobile industiy, precision engineering industiy and in
machineiy construction. As additives to paints, coatings and sealants,
chlorinated paraffins improve resistance to water and chemicals.
Systems of this kind are especially suitable for marine paints,
as coatings for industrial flooring, vessels and swimming pools
(e.g., rubber and chloriated rubber coatings), and as road marking
paints. The flame-retarding properties of highly chlorinated paraffins
are important for their use in plastics, fabrics, paints and coatings.
Chloriated paraffins are also used with decabromodiphenyl oxide
and antimony trioxide in polyester fabrics for tents (Prihaet al.,
1988). Approximately 50% of the chlorinated paraffins consumed in
the USA is used as extreme-pressure lubricant additives in the metal
working industiy. The remainder is used in plastics, fire-retardant
and water-repellent fabric treatments, and in paint, rubber, caulks
and sealants. ln contrast, 50% of the chlorinated paraffins consumed
in western Europe is as secondaiy plasticizers in PVC and other
plastics (Schenker, 1979). The chlorinated paraffins most frequently
used as plastieizers for plastics are those with a medium chain
length (C14-17), with chlorine contents between 45 and 52% (40 and
50%; Zitko, 1974). Cio-13 or C:;20 paraffins are also used, depending
on the PVC or plastics type. Cio-13 chlorinated paraffins are suitable
for water- and chemical-resistant, low-inflammability and abrasion-resistant
paints, either as plasticizer or as a constituent of the binder.
Special medium-chain length C14-17 grades are used for sealants.
http://www.inchem.org/
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are produced by chlorination of
normal paraffin fractions (straight-chain hydrocarbons, at least 98%
linear), and have the general formula CxH(2x-y+2)Cly. The length of
the carbon chains is usually between 10 and 30 carbon atoms, and the
chlorine content is between 20 and 70% by weight, although the
commercial products normally fall within the 40-70% Cl range
(Schenker, 1979). In this monograph the different isomers will be
referred to as Cx;y% Cl, i.e., a chlorinated paraffin with a carbon
chain length of 12 and a chlorination degree of 60% will be referred
to as C12;60% Cl.
Commercial chlorinated paraffins, of which there are over 200,
are very complex mixtures of n-alkanes characterized by an average
carbon chain length and chlorination degree. Each grade varies in the
range of carbon chain length, but also in the distribution and degree
of chlorination. The different technical grades have therefore
specific physical and chemical properties which render them useful in
such widespread applications as plasticizers in plastics such as
polyvinyl chloride, extreme pressure additives, flame retardants and
paints.
The number of theoretically possible structures within the ranges
C10-C30 and 40-70% Cl is enormous. Taking C12 and 60% Cl as an
example, there are numerous possibilities, depending on the position
of the chlorine atoms. In just one of these structures (Fig. 1),
there are 25=32 different diastereomers, owing to the five optical
sites (indicated by an asterisk).
The raw materials most frequently used for the production of
chlorinated paraffins are normal paraffin feedstocks, which fall into
three main categories:
1) a liquid fraction including C10-C13 with an average of C12;
2) a liquid fraction including C14-C17 with an average of C15; and
3) a wax fraction including C20-C28 with an average of C24 (Strack,
1986).
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